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The existence of this restriction

  • 1 устанавливать

    Conveyors have been erected (or installed, or set up) to convey coal to...

    The valve should be fitted on the discharge side of the pipe.

    The cabinet may be located (or sited) near the mill.

    A workpiece is set upon the table.

    II

    Using this method we can arrive at the molecular formula of a compound.

    The method for working out the relative ages of rocks...

    The mass velocities of the streams are fixed (or established, or assigned) when the cross section is selected.

    The specification stipulates for each class of cement a maximum viscosity...

    The conveyor may be adjusted to the proper discharge height.

    The thermostat control can be set at the degree of warming desired.

    The amplifier is set for stable operation.

    The monochromator is set to the same wavelength.

    The propeller blades may be set to any desired pitch.

    IV

    Arrhenius recognized that this temperature dependence indicates an exponential increase in...

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > устанавливать

  • 2 условие

    (= ограничение, предположение, допущение) condition, term, hypotheses, predicate
    Безусловно, необходимо найти условия, при которых... - It is, of course, necessary to determine conditions under which...
    Более общие условия здесь обсуждаться не будут, однако мы можем сказать... - More general conditions will not be discussed here, but it may be said that...
    Более того, существующие доказательства при некоторых дополнительных условиях... - Moreover, existing proofs under certain additional assumptions that...
    В общем случае эти условия не могут удовлетворяться одновременно. - In general, these conditions cannot be simultaneously satisfied.
    В условиях теоремы 3 нормирующий член N содержится в... - Under the circumstances of Proposition 3 the normalizer N is contained in the...
    Геометрически это условие имеет следующий смысл. - Geometrically the condition has the following meaning.
    Далее выведем необходимое условие существования... - Let us next deduce a necessary condition for the existence of...
    Данное условие служит в качестве описания... - This condition serves as a description of...
    Данное условие является достаточным. - The condition is sufficient.
    Данное условие является необходимым. - The condition is necessary.
    Если данное условие выполнено, то... - If this condition is fulfilled, then...
    Если эти условия не удовлетворяются, то... - If these conditions are not satisfied, then...
    Задавая соответствующие условия... - Given proper conditions,...
    Замечательным является то, что эти необходимые условия одновременно служат достаточными. - The remarkable fact is that these necessary conditions are also sufficient.
    Здесь мы наложили условия на... - Here we have imposed conditions on...
    Из последнего условия вытекает, что... - Prom the latter condition it follows that...
    Известно одно менее ограничительное достаточное условие. - A less restrictive sufficient condition is known.
    Легко видеть, что это условие является необходимым. - It is easy to see that this condition is a necessary one.
    Молено было бы и не сообщать, что все это справедливо при условии, что... - All this, needless to say, is based on the premise that...
    Можно вывести очень простое условие того, что... - It is possible to derive a very simple condition that...
    Можно показать, что они (условия) являются как достаточными, так и необходимыми. - It may be shown that they are sufficient as well as necessary.
    Можно показать, что это эквивалентно условию, что... - This can be shown to be equivalent to the condition that...
    Мы предполагаем, что это условие выполнено. - We assume this condition to be fulfilled.
    Мы увидим, что эти условия могут быть выполнены при использовании... - We shall see that these conditions can be met using....
    Нам необходимо еще одно условие, чтобы определить... - We need one more condition to determine...
    Необходимое дополнительное условие доставляется (чем-л). - The required additional condition is provided by...
    Обратно, это условие является достаточным. - Conversely, this condition is sufficient.
    Один общий класс физически осмысленных условий дается соотношением (2.7). - A general class of physically meaningful conditions is given in (2.7).
    Одним из способов удовлетворения этим условиям является... - One way of satisfying these conditions is to...
    Оставшееся условие (3) говорит здесь... - The remaining condition (3) reads here....
    Относительно доказательства при менее ограничительных условиях смотри работу Смита [1]. - For a proof under less restrictive conditions, see Smith [1].
    Очевидно, что это эквивалентно условию, что... - This is evidently equivalent to the condition that...
    Подобным образом мы можем установить условие для... - Similarly, we can establish the condition for...
    Последнее (из двух) условие вызывает проблемы, потому что... - The latter condition raises problems, because...
    Последнее условие влечет за собой... - The latter condition implies that...
    Поэтому мы должны добавить ряд дополнительных условий. - Consequently we have to add a number of supplementary conditions.
    При каких условиях он существует? - Under what circumstances does it exist?
    При любых условиях важно, чтобы... - Whatever the conditions, it is vital that...
    При определенных условиях ограничение f(x) ф О может быть опущено. - In certain cases the restriction f(x) ф 0 can be omitted.
    При сформулированных условиях мы можем... - Under the conditions stated, we can...
    При таких условиях невозможно определить... - Under such circumstances it is impossible to find...
    При этих условиях возможно... - Under these circumstances, it is possible to...; Under such conditions, it is possible that...
    При этих условиях легко видеть, что... - With these stipulations, it is easily seen that...
    При этих условиях мы по-прежнему можем использовать... - Under these circumstances we may still use...
    Приняв данное условие, мы можем... - Under this restriction, we can...
    Решение может существовать только при выполнении следующих условий. - A solution can exist only under the following conditions.
    Следовательно это необходимое условие для... - This is therefore a necessary condition for...
    Следовательно, мы получили необходимое и достаточное условие для... - Thus we have a necessary and sufficient condition for...
    Следовательно, условия теоремы 1 выполнены, и мы заключаем, что... - The conditions of Theorem 1 are therefore satisfied and we conclude that...
    Следовательно, эти условия необходимы для равновесия. - Hence these conditions are necessary for equilibrium.
    Следующая теорема дает условия, при которых... - The following theorem gives conditions under which...
    Сначала мы установим необходимость этих условий. - We first establish the necessity of the condition.
    Сформулируем это условие более точно. - We state this requirement more precisely as follows.
    Также могут налагаться (и) дополнительные условия на. х и у. - There may also be further conditions on x and У-
    Теперь дадим необходимое и достаточное условие того, что... - We now give a necessary and sufficient condition for...
    Теперь можно записать условие равновесия. - The condition for equilibrium can now be written.
    Условие а - b приблизительно выполнено в любой задаче, где... - The condition a = b is approximately satisfied in any problem where...
    Условие (1) не является необходимым для... - Condition (1) is by no means a necessary one for...
    Условие, которое называется..., вытекает из потери... - A condition called... results from a loss of...
    Условия, наложенные на X, могли бы быть менее ограничительны. - The conditions on X could be less restrictive.
    Цель этой заметки указать, что при некоторых условиях... - The purpose of this note is to point out that, in certain circumstances, the mean...
    Чтобы поставить задачу однозначно, требуется дополнительное условие. - A further condition is required to specify the problem uniquely.
    Эти условия удовлетворяются для большинства... - These conditions are satisfied for most...
    Эти условия являются лишь достаточными для того, чтобы исключить... - These conditions are just sufficient for the elimination of...
    Это могло бы быть легко показано с использованием условия, что... - This may be shown readily by employing the condition that...
    Это необходимые условия для... - These are the necessary conditions for...
    Это последнее условие не является необходимым, если... - This last proviso is not needed when...
    Это те (самые) условия, которые должны быть выполнены, если... - These are the conditions which must be met if...
    Это условие должно быть выполнено. - This requirement must be fulfilled.
    Это условие может быть выражено как... - This condition can be expressed as...
    Это условие может быть наиболее просто удовлетворено требованием, что... - This condition can be most easily satisfied by requiring that...
    Это условие получается проверкой... - This condition is obtained by examining...
    Это условие согласуется с... - This condition is consistent with...
    Это эквивалентно условию, что... - This is equivalent to the requirement that...

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > условие

  • 3 причина

    reason (for), cause (of), motive
    Безусловно, это причина, почему... - This is certainly the reason why...
    Вдобавок, имеется одна фундаментальная причина для рассмотрения... - There is, in fact, one basic reason for considering...
    Даже лишь по этой причине было бы существенным... - For this reason alone it would be essential to...
    Далее мы обсуждаем причины (чего-л)... - The discussion below deals with the reasons for...
    Действительная причина состоит в том, что... - The real reason is that...
    Для нашего изучения А имеется много различных причин. - There are many reasons for our study of A.
    Для этого имеется ряд причин. - There are a number of reasons for this.
    Заранее у нас нет никаких причин ожидать, что... - We have no a priori reason to expect that...
    Имеется много разных причин для... - There are many different reasons for...
    Имеется несколько причин, по которым в этом предположении следует усомниться. - There are several reasons why this assumption should be questioned.
    Имеются многочисленные причины, почему... - There are numerous reasons why...
    Как следствие всех этих причин стало обычной практикой (выполнять и т. п.)... - For all these reasons it has become normal practice to...
    Какова причина данного парадокса? - What is the source of this paradox?
    Можно легко увидеть причину такой зависимости. - One can easily see the reason for this dependence.
    Мы не приводим это рассуждение подробно по следующим причинам. - We do not present this argument in detail for the following reasons.
    Мы обсудим причину существования... - We shall discuss the reason for the existence of...
    Наиболее важно понять причину... - It is most important to understand the reason for...
    Нам кажется, что имеются две основные причины для... - There seem to be two principle causes for...
    Некоторое понимание причины такого поведения можно получить (проделывая и т. п.)... - Some insight into the reason for this behavior can be gained by...
    Нет никаких причин, чтобы гарантировать... - There is nothing to guarantee that...
    Одна из возможных причин этого расхождения заключается в... - One possible reason for this discrepancy is...
    Одна из причин состоит в том, что... - One reason is that...
    Однако имеется другая причина того, что... - But there is another reason that...
    По причинам, которые вскоре станут очевидными, удобно допустить... - It is convenient, for reasons that will soon be obvious, to let...
    По причинам, которые станут понятны позднее... - For reasons that will become clear,...
    По причинам, которые станут понятны позднее, удобно (измерять и т. п.)... - It is convenient, for reasons which will appear later, to...
    По причинам, которые станут ясны позднее, мы предполагаем, что... - We assume, for reasons which will become apparent, that...
    По этой причине желательно иметь информацию относительно... - For this reason it is desirable to have information about...
    По этой причине мы должны ожидать, что... - For this reason we should expect...
    По этой причине мы налагаем следующее ограничение... - For this reason we impose the restriction...
    По этой причине мы не можем немедленно сделать заключение, что... - For this reason we cannot immediately conclude that...
    По этой причине мы обычно... - For this reason we usually...
    По этой причине напрасно (начинать и т. п.)... - For this reason it is futile to...
    Повторим, что это является причиной, почему мы имеем... - Again, this is why we have...
    Пока имеются веские причины для обратного, необходимо предполагать, что... - Unless there are good reasons to the contrary, it should be assumed that...
    Причина (для) этого может быть объяснена с помощью рис. 5. - The reason for this may be explained with reference to Figure 5.
    Причина становится понятной, если мы рассмотрим... - The reason becomes apparent if we consider...
    Причину такого типа поведения нужно искать в... - The reason for this type of behavior must be sought in...
    Причина этого расхождения была объяснена Смитом [1]. - The reason for the discrepancy was explained by Smith [1].
    Причина этой явной аномалии состоит в том, что... - The reason for this apparent anomaly is that...
    Причиной этого является факт, что... - The reason for this lies in the fact that...
    Причины (для) этого обсуждались очень горячо. - The reason for this has been hotly debated.
    Существует много причин считать, что... - There is every reason to believe that...
    Существует несколько основных причин для... - There are several basic reasons for...
    Существуют две причины, почему бывает желательно... - There are two reasons why it is desirable to...
    Существуют и другие причины, почему полезно... - There are still other reasons why it is useful to...
    Существуют четыре причины для того, чтобы уделить внимание... - There are four reasons for devoting attention to...
    Чисто логически, все еще нет причины, чтобы... - Yet, on a purely logical basis, there is no reason to...
    Эта статья является важной по трем причинам. - This paper is important for three reasons.
    Это имеет место по той причине, что... - It is for this reason that...
    Это можно принять во внимание по следующей причине. - This may be appreciated from the following argument.
    Это одна из главных причин, почему... - This is one of the main reasons why...
    Это определение не является удовлетворительным по нескольким причинам. - This definition is unsatisfactory for several reasons.
    Этот метод интересен по следующей причине. - This method is of interest for the following reason.

    Русско-английский словарь научного общения > причина

  • 4 certus

    certus, a, um [orig. P. a. from cerno; hence], adj., determined, resolved, fixed, settled, purposed: non dubius.
    I.
    (Acc. to cerno, II. D.) Certum est (mihi), it is determined, it is my ( thy, his, etc.) decision, resolution, will, I am resolved, I mean, etc. (mostly ante-class.; most freq. in Plaut.); with inf.: quorum virtuti belli Fortuna pepercit, Eorundem me libertati parcere certum est, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 12, 38 (Ann. v. 206 Vahl.):

    certum'st hominem eludere,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 109:

    tibi credere,

    id. Aul. 4, 9, 7; cf. id. Capt. 3, 1, 32; id. Curc. 2, 1, 1; id. Cas. 2, 4, 15; id. Cist. 3, 1, 16; id. Ep. 5, 1, 57; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 37; id. Most. 1, 3, 80; id. Men. 5, 6, 12; id. Mil. 2, 3, 32; id. Merc. 3, 1, 7; id. Ps. 1, 5, 138; id. Poen. 5, 5, 25; id. Pers. 2, 2, 39; id. Rud. 3, 3, 22; id. Stich. 5, 4, 2; id. Trin. 2, 1, 34; id. Truc. 2, 6, 68; Ter. And. 2, 1, 11; id. Eun. 1, 2, 108: certum est deliberatumque, quae ad causam pertinere arbitror, omnia dicere, Cic. Rosc. Am. 11, 31:

    certum atque decretum est non dare signum,

    Liv. 2, 45, 13:

    certum est igni circumdare muros,

    Verg. A. 9, 153.—Certum'st mihi with inf., Plaut. As. 1, 3, 94; 3, 3, 23; id. Cas. 1, 1, 3; id. Mil. 3, 1, 154; id. Ps. 4, 8, 2; Cic. de Or. 2, 33, 144; Liv. 35, 46, 13; Ov. M. 9, 53 al.—Without inf., esp. parenthet., with expression of purpose by a fut. tense:

    certum est, malam rem potius quaeram cum lucro,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 6, 15:

    certum est, jam dicam patri,

    id. Bacch. 3, 1, 15:

    certum est, ibo ad medicum,

    id. Merc. 2, 4, 4: An. Certumn' est tibi? Ly. Certum, id. Poen. 2, 48; cf. id. Stich. 4, 2, 33.—With pron. or subst.: Ar. Certumne'st tibi istuc? He. Non moriri certius, Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 74;

    so further with istuc,

    id. ib. 2, 1, 20; Ter. Eun. 3, 3, 30:

    mihi autem abjurare certius est quam dependere,

    Cic. Att. 1, 8, 3:

    ad eum senem oppugnare certum est consilium,

    Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 60:

    quae nunc sunt certa ei consilia, etc.,

    Ter. And. 2, 3, 16:

    certa res hanc est objurgare,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 73; so id. Merc. 5, 2, 16; id. Mil. 2, 4, 45; Ter. And. 2, 2, 31; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 16.—
    b.
    (From the time of the Aug. poets.) Transf. to the person who is determined upon something, determined, resolved, bent.
    (α).
    With inf.:

    certa mori,

    Verg. A. 4, 564 (cf. id. ib. 4, 475:

    decrevitque mori): certi non cedere,

    Ov. M. 9, 43:

    certa sequi,

    Val. Fl. 5, 47.—
    (β).
    With gen. (cf. Ramsh. Gr. p. 323; Zumpt, Gr. § 437, n. 1;

    A. and S. § 213, R. 1): certus eundi,

    Verg. A. 4, 554; Ov. M. 11, 440:

    desciscendi,

    Tac. H. 4, 14:

    relinquendae vitae,

    id. A. 4, 34:

    necis,

    Sil. 6, 27:

    fugae,

    Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 12:

    destinationis,

    Tac. A. 12, 32:

    sceleris,

    id. ib. 12, 66:

    consilii,

    id. H. 2, 46.—
    (γ).
    With an:

    nec sat certa an cederet armis,

    Sil. 9, 480.—
    II.
    An epithet of all those objects whose existence or reality is fixed, determined (hence in connection with definitus, Quint. 7, 10, 7;

    with praefinitus,

    Suet. Galb. 14), or in respect to which there can be no doubt (hence opp. dubius, Quint. 7, 6, 3; 5, 12, 3; 12, 3, 6 al.).
    A.
    Object.
    1.
    Of things whose external qualities, number, etc., are invariable, established, settled, fixed, particular, specified, etc. (class.):

    Arboribus primum certis gravis umbra tributa,

    Lucr. 6, 783:

    fruges, bacae,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 8, 19:

    jam ad certas res conficiendas certos homines delectos ac descriptos habebat,

    id. Cat. 3, 7, 16:

    concilium in diem certam indicere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 30 fin.;

    so with dies,

    a fixed term, Cato, R. R. 149, 1; Cic. Att. 6, 2, 9; Nep. Chabr. 3, 1; Liv. 1, 50, 1; Tac. G. 9 al.; cf.:

    certis diebus,

    Verg. G. 2, 329:

    quaerere ab judicibus cur in certa verba jurent, cur certo tempore conveniant, certo discedant,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 45, 132; cf. Suet. Aug. 41:

    certum praefinitumque tempus,

    id. Galb. 14; and:

    certum statumque vectigal,

    id. Calig. 40:

    pecunia (opp. arbitraria), v. arbitrarius: finis aerumnarum,

    Lucr. 1, 108; cf. id. 2, 512; 8, 1091; Hor. S. 1, 1, 106; id. Ep. 1, 2, 56:

    locus,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 1, 6:

    numerus,

    id. ib. 7, 75:

    signum,

    fixed, agreed upon, id. B. C. 1, 27:

    naves,

    fixed in number and quality, id. ib. 1, 56:

    pecuniae imperabantur,

    id. ib. 3, 32 fin.:

    conviva,

    i. e. a daily, constant guest, Hor. Ep. 1, 7, 75 Schmid:

    ecquem tu illo certiorem nebulonem,

    Cic. Att. 15, 21, 2.—
    b.
    But sometimes indef., like quidam, and our certain, of things, the certainty of whose existence is given, but whose nature is not more definitely designated, or comes not into consideration (cf. aliquis):

    Cephaloedi mensis est certus, quo mense sacerdotem maximum creari oporteat,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 52, § 128:

    habet certos sui studiosos,

    id. Brut. 16, 64:

    (hunc) certis rebus imperatis regnare jussit,

    id. Sest. 27, 58:

    certi homines ad eam rem periti,

    id. ib. 18, 41:

    res a certis hominibus corrupta,

    id. Fam. 1, 2, 3; 4, 9, 2; 16, 11, 2; id. Marcell. 6, 16; id. Deiot. 4, 11; Liv. 34, 61, 7.—Hence in Quint. several times in connection with quidam and aliquis:

    ad certas quasdam dicendi leges alligati,

    Quint. 8, prooem. § 2; so id. 8, prooem. § 12; 4, 2, 28; 5, 10, 2; 5, 10, 5; 9, 4, 8;

    11, 2, 28: aliquos compositionis certos pedes,

    id. 10, 2, 13; so id. 7, prooem. § 4; and subst.:

    in his certos aliquos docebit,

    id. 2, 8, 13.—
    2.
    Trop., of things whose internal moral qualities are established, fixed, can be relied upon, sure, unerring, to be depended upon, true, faithful, [p. 321] etc. (so most freq. in all periods and species of composition; syn.: firmus, confirmatus, exploratus, indubitatus, manifestus al.).
    a.
    Of persons: amicus certus in re incertā cernitur, Enn. ap. Cic. Lael. 17, 64; cf.:

    tu ex amicis certis mi es certissimus,

    Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 57:

    certi homines, quibus dem litteras,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; cf. id. Cat. 3, 7, 16; Nep. Paus. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 10, 1; Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 64, § 156:

    certus enim promisit Apollo, etc.,

    Hor. C. 1, 7, 28:

    auctor (mortis),

    Quint. 6, 3, 68; cf. Suet. Tib. 5:

    adversus hostem nec spe nec animo certiorem, i. e. firmiorem,

    Liv. 10, 35, 17: apud latera certos collocaverat, Sall. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 1, 576 (H. 1, 53 Dietsch); cf. Nep. Dion, 9, 2:

    per litora certos dimittam,

    Verg. A. 1, 576:

    certissimus auctor (Phoebus),

    id. G. 1, 432.—
    b.
    Of things:

    satis animo certo et confirmato,

    Cic. Quint. 24, 77; cf.

    pectora,

    Verg. A. 9, 249, and certior indoles, Suet. Ner. 10:

    promissa,

    Cic. Fam. 6, 12, 1:

    parata dicendi copia et certa,

    Quint. 10, 6, 6; id. 6, prooem. §

    9: jus,

    id. 12, 3, 6 et saep.:

    jactus (telorum),

    Tac. A. 14, 37; cf.

    in this sense certa hasta,

    Verg. A. 11, 767:

    sagitta,

    Hor. C. 1, 12, 23:

    fides segetis,

    id. ib. 3, 16, 30:

    spes,

    id. C. S. 74:

    trames,

    id. S. 2, 3, 49:

    lar,

    id. Ep. 1, 7, 58 al.:

    plana et certa,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 1:

    certa et clara,

    Ter. Hec. 5, 4, 1 Ruhnk.; so Liv. 22, 39, 22; cf. Hor. S. 2, 6, 27.—Subst., with gen.:

    certa maris,

    Tac. H. 4, 81.—
    B.
    Subject., of that which is established by evidence, etc., placed beyond doubt, certain, sure, true, proved, established (class.; esp. freq. in neutr.):

    cum ad has suspitiones certissimae res accederent,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 19; 5, 29:

    incerta pro certis malebant,

    Sall. C. 17, 6; cf.:

    incerta pro certis mutare,

    id. J. 83, 1:

    postremo certior res,

    Liv. 29, 6, 12:

    certiora esse dicunt quam, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 5, 13; id. Att. 3, 11, 2; Liv. 10, 35, 12: So. Satin hoc certum'st? Ge. Certum:

    hisce oculis egomet vidi,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 31:

    jam satis certumst virginem vitiatam esse?

    id. Enn. 4, 4, 36:

    cum certius tibi sit me esse Romae quam mihi te Athenis,

    Cic. Att. 1, 9, 1:

    id parum certum est,

    Liv. 5, 35, 3:

    cum de altero intellectu certum est, de altero dubium,

    Quint. 7, 6, 3; cf. id. 7, 3, 4: non certum traditur, with interrog.-clause, Liv. 2, 8, 8:

    nec quicquam certi respondes mihi?

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 84:

    neque tanto spatio certi quid esset explorari poterat,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 45:

    certum inveniri non potest ne... an,

    id. B. C. 1, 25:

    si quicquam humanorum certi est,

    Liv. 5, 33, 1: Ph. Civemne? Th. Arbitror:

    Certum non scimus,

    Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 31; cf. id. Phorm. 1, 2, 98; Cic. Att. 12, 23, 2.—So, certum scire, to know for a certainty, Ter. Eun. 5, 3, 12; id. Hec. 3, 1, 44; Cic. Fam. 9, 23 init.:

    certum habere,

    to reckon certain, id. Att. 1, 13, 1; Liv. 36, 28, 4; 5, 3, 2; Quint. 2, 3, 9; Col. 2, 22, 5 al.:

    certum respondeo,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 29, 92:

    cognoscere, Auct. B. Alex. 53: comperire, Auct. B. Hisp. 22.—So also pro certo habere,

    Cic. Att. 10, 6, 3; Matius ap. Cic. Att. 9, 15, A med.; Sall. C. 52, 17; Suet. Dom. 23:

    negare,

    Cic. Att. 5, 21, 5:

    polliceri,

    id. Agr. 2, 37, 102:

    dicere aliquid,

    id. Brut. 3, 10:

    ponere,

    Liv. 23, 6, 8:

    scire,

    id. 25, 10, 1:

    affirmare,

    id. 27, 1, 13; 3, 23, 7; cf. id. 1, 3, 2 Drak.:

    creditur,

    Sall. C. 15, 2:

    coeperit esse,

    Quint. 5, 12, 2:

    certius cognoscere ex aliquo de aliquā re,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 52, 5.—Strengthened by comp.:

    quin nihil invenies magis hoc certo certius,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 111; cf.:

    et hoc certo certius est et saepissime constitutum,

    Dig. 42, 8, 10, § 14:

    certo certius,

    Ambros. in Ephes. 5; Paul. Vit. St. Ambros. 25; App. M. 9, p. 237, 27.—In Plaut. certum or certius facere alicui, to give certainty to one concerning any thing, make him certain, Plaut. Men. 2, 1, 17; 5, 2, 12; id. Ps. 2, 2, 4.—
    2.
    Transf. to the person who is made certain in reference to a thing, certain, sure:

    certi sumus periisse omnia,

    Cic. Att. 2, 19, 5:

    num quid nunc es certior?

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 191:

    posteritatis,

    i. e. of posthumous fame, Plin. Ep. 9, 3, 1:

    sententiae,

    Quint. 4, 3, 8:

    judicii,

    Sen. Ep. 45, 9:

    certus de suā geniturā,

    Suet. Vesp. 25:

    damnationis,

    id. Tib. 61:

    exitii,

    Tac. A. 1, 27:

    spei,

    id. H. 4, 3:

    matrimonii,

    id. A. 12, 3:

    certi sumus, etc.,

    Gell. 18, 10, 5.—In class. prose mostly in the phrase certiorem facere aliquem (de aliquā re, alicujus rei, with a foll, acc. and inf., with a rel.-clause or absol.), to inform, apprise one of a thing:

    me certiorem face,

    Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 69:

    ut nos facias certiores,

    Plaut. Curc. 5, 2, 32:

    uti se (sc. Caesarem) de his rebus certiorem faciant,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 2:

    qui certiorem me sui consilii fecit,

    Cic. Att. 9, 2, a, 2:

    Caesarem certiorem faciunt, sese non facile ab oppidis vim hostium prohibere,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 11:

    faciam te certiorem quid egerim,

    Cic. Att. 3, 11, 1.— With subj. only:

    milites certiores facit, paulisper intermitterent proelium,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 5 fin.Pass.:

    quod crebro certior per me fias de omnibus rebus,

    Cic. Fam. 1, 7, 1; so Caes. B. G. 1, 7; Sall. J. 104, 1:

    Caesar certior factus est, tres jam copiarum partes Helvetios id flumen transduxisse,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 12; so id. ib. 1, 21; 1, 41; 2, 1; Sall. J. 82, 2; Nep. Att. 12, 3:

    factus certior, quae res gererentur,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 15:

    non consulibus certioribus factis,

    Liv. 45, 21, 4.—Also in posit., though rarely:

    fac me certum quid tibi est,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 1, 16; 4, 6, 35; Verg. A. 3, 179:

    lacrimae suorum Tam subitae matrem certam fecere ruinae,

    Ov. M. 6, 268.— Hence, adv. in two forms.
    A.
    certō, with certainty, certainly, surely, of a truth, in fact, really, object. and subject. (cf. supra, II. A. and B.); only in the comic poets, and sometimes (most. freq. in his epistt.) in Cic., while the adverbial form certe belongs to all periods and all species of composition. The difference between them is, perhaps, merely historical; but v. infra, certe, B. I. 2. init.
    1.
    Object.:

    perii certo, haud arbitrario,

    Plaut. Poen. 3, 5, 42; cf. id. Merc. 2, 3, 106:

    mihi certo nomen Sosia'st,

    id. Am. 1, 1, 176; id. Men. 2, 2, 39; Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 12:

    nihil ita exspectare quasi certo futurum,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81 (cf. the passage cited under certo, I. 1., from id. Div. 2, 7, 18).—
    b.
    In affirm. answers: Me. Liberum ego te jussi abire? Mes. Certo, yes, certainly, Plaut. Men. 5, 8, 9; so id. ib. 5, 9, 50; 2, 3, 38; id. Poen. 5, 5, 21; Ter. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
    2.
    Subject.
    a.
    In gen. (very rare):

    certo enim ego vocem hic loquentis modo mi audire visus sum,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 4:

    ego rus abituram me esse certo decrevi,

    Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 10: Th. Quid aīs? Py. Atqui certo comperi, id. Eun. 5, 1, 9.—
    b.
    Esp. in the formula of asseveration, certo scio, I certainly know, I am fully persuaded, beyond all doubt (class.):

    certo edepol scio, me vidisse, etc.,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 3, 2; id. Truc. 1, 1, 49; Ter. And. 5, 4, 26; id. Ad. 4, 5, 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 119; id. Heaut. 1, 1, 19:

    quod te moleste ferre certo scio,

    Cic. Att. 1, 12, 3; 2, 23, 2; id. Fam. 4, 13, 6; id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 6; id. Rosc. Am. 8, 21; id. Phil. 3, 6, 17; id. Sen. 1, 1; 1, 2; Sall. J. 9, 2; id. C. 51, 16:

    veniunt in mentem mihi permulta: vobis plura, certo scio,

    Cic. Caecin. 19, 55 (cf. under certe, I. 2.).—
    B.
    certē (class.; cf. supra, certo init.).
    I.
    Affirming strongly, with certainty, certainly, undoubtedly, assuredly, surely, really.
    1.
    Object.:

    certe edepol, tu me alienabis,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 243:

    ego quidem ab hoc certe exorabo,

    id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

    certe hercle,

    id. As. 2, 1, 15; cf. Ter. Phorm. 5, 1, 8; Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 71; Ter. And. 2, 2, 10:

    quom is certe Renuntiarit,

    id. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:

    certe captus est!

    id. And. 1, 1, 55:

    certe ut videamur cernere eum,

    Lucr. 4, 760:

    si enim scit, certe illud eveniet: sin certe eveniet, nulla fortuna est,

    Cic. Div. 2, 7, 18; cf. id. N. D. 1, 2, 5:

    fuit certe id aequum et certe exspectatum est, etc.,

    id. Planc. 16, 38:

    ea certe vera sunt,

    id. Mil. 35, 96:

    M. Catoni certe licuit, etc.,

    id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:

    jam illa perfugia certe minime sunt audienda,

    id. ib. 1, 5, 9:

    cum se certe decessurum videret,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 44, § 104; Cat. 62, 8:

    certe hinc Romanos olim fore ductores pollicitus,

    Verg. A. 1, 234:

    o dea certe,

    a goddess surely, id. ib. 1, 328:

    postremo expellet certe vivacior heres,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 132:

    placuit tibi, Delphice, certe, Dum, etc.,

    Ov. M. 2, 543 al. — Comp.:

    speculatores mittere, qui certius explorata referant,

    Liv. 3, 40, 13; 35, 48, 3:

    si reperire vocas amittere certius,

    Ov. M. 5, 519; App. M. 2, p. 118, 1.— Sup., Tert. Pall. 4.—
    b.
    In an answer of affirmation:

    estne ipsus an non est! Is est, Certe is est, is est profecto,

    Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 65; so Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 53; Cic. Tusc. 1, 5, 9; id. Clu. 54, 149; id. Phil. 1, 15, 37; id. Ac. 2, 35, 113; and in confirmation of a preceding fact: venerat, ut opinor, haec res in judicium. Certe, certainly, surely, Cic. Rosc. Com. 14, 42; id. Fam. 4, 2, 5; id. Or. 42, 144; cf. id. Off. 3, 29, 105; id. Fin. 2, 27, 91.—
    2.
    Subject., mostly in the phrase certe scio, I know to a certainty, I am sure (acc. to Klotz ad Cic. Sen. 1, 2, certe scio = certum est me scire, I am fully convinced: certo scio = certum est quod scio, my knowledge is accurate, etc.):

    certe edepol scio, si aliud quicquam est quod credam aut certo sciam, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 115:

    edepol certo scio,

    id. Bacch. 2, 3, 20:

    scelestiorem me hac anu certe scio Vidisse numquam,

    id. Aul. 1, 1, 21; cf. Cic. Arch. 12, 32:

    ex litteris certe scire potuistis,

    id. Font. 4, 8; id. Phil. 12, 12, 29:

    quod iste certe statuerat ac deliberaverat non adesse,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1.—
    b.
    In affirm. answers: Ar. Ain' vero? Le. Certe, inquam, Plaut. As. 3, 3, 132: Ch. Ain'tu? So. Certe, sic erit, Ter. Heaut. 5, 3, 12.—
    c.
    In a subjective supposition or presumption that a thing is so, certainly, surely, assuredly, doubtless, of course; Gr. isôs:

    ah nugas agis, Certe habes,

    Plaut. Aul. 4, 4, 25; id. Bacch. 5, 2, 58:

    si me tanti facis, quanti certe facis,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 16, 3; 7, 8, 1; cf. Verg. A. 1, 234; Ov. M. 2, 423; Prop. 2, 7, 1. —
    (β).
    In interrog., Cic. Leg. 1, 1, 3; Suet. Aug. 33.—
    II.
    Affirming with restriction, yet surely, yet indeed, at least, notwithstanding (very freq. in prose and poetry, esp. after the class. per.).
    A.
    Alone:

    si non ipsā re tibi istuc dolet, Simulare certe est hominis,

    Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 16:

    cingitur, certe expedit se,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 152:

    ut homines mortem vel optare incipiant, vel certe timere desistant,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 49, 117:

    haec... sint falsa sane, invidiosa certe non sunt,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 105:

    qui... ut non referat pedem, sistet certe,

    id. Phil. 12, 4, 8:

    res fortasse verae, certe graves,

    id. Fin. 4, 3, 7; cf. Liv. 9, 11, 13:

    consulatum unum certe plebis Romanae esse,

    id. 22, 34, 11:

    quos quoniam caeli nondum dignamur honore, Quas dedimus certe terras habitare sinamus,

    Ov. M. 1, 195 et saep.:

    quo quid sit beatius, mihi certe in mentem venire non potest,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 28, 81; so,

    ego certe,

    Quint. 8, 3, 65; 9, 4, 57:

    certe ego,

    Sall. J. 31, 5; Ov. H. 19, 81; id. M. 13, 840; id. Tr. 4, 5, 13:

    mihi certe,

    Quint. 10, 3, 23:

    ipse certe,

    id. 8, 6, 30; Curt. 7, 4, 19; 7, 6, 22.—
    B.
    With other particles.
    1.
    With tamen:

    illud certe tamen, quod jam amplexi sumus,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 22; id. Sen. 23, 84.—
    2.
    With at: quod (consilium) si non fuerit prudens, at certe ab optima fide proficiscetur, Balb. et opp. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, A, 1; Ov. F. 3, 351; cf. at II. 3.—
    3.
    With sed: non integrā re, sed certe minus infractā, quam, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 8; cf. Cic. Leg. 1, 21, 56 dub. B. and K. —
    4.
    With quidem:

    ubi sit animus, certe quidem in te est,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 29, 70:

    quoniam volumus quidem certe senes fieri,

    id. Sen. 2, 6; id. Quint. 15, 50:

    certe quidem vos estis Romani, etc.,

    Liv. 45, 22, 5. (But quidem does not belong with certe in such passages as the foll.:

    hic quidem certe memorat, etc.,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 261 al.; v. quidem; cf. also aut and vel.)

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > certus

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